What Is the Definition of Marketing

What is the definition of marketing? What are the benefits and drawbacks of incorporating marketing into the sales function of an organization? Do you think that marketing should be included as part of the sales organization within a company? Explain why or why not. What is the definition of marketing? â€Å"Marketing is the recognition and reunion of the human and social or cultural requirements. There is one of the best and smallest meaning of the marketing is the congregation of desires beneficially† (Kotler & Keller, 2009, p. 5). In addition, the meanings of marketing are given as performing actions that can accomplish the objectives by predicting consumer’s requirements to provide required gratifying things, services, and so on, by the Perrault, Cannon, and McCarthy (2009). What are the benefits and drawbacks of incorporating marketing into the sales function of an organization? The benefit or profits of incorporating marketing into the sales function of an organization is eventually raised sales. Marketing can provide many great thoughts for the output or product: any how, you should understand that how to obtain or search out people for purchasing. A mutual attempt of the marketing and sales can provide evidence of the success. The drawback or negative aspect of incorporating marketing into the sales function of an organization is coordination and cooperation†. The sales force or powers believe that the product managers set prices or sale ration â€Å"too high†; or the publicity director and a trademark manager could not concur on an advertising operation or campaign† (Kotler & Keller, 2009, p. 24). In order to do extremely well, all members of the society or organization should work in unity. Do you think that marketing should be included as part of the sales organization within a company? Explain why or why not. Obviously, I believe that marketing should be taken as part of the sales organization within a company. Marketing and Sales are interrelated to each other; Marketing carries out prospective consumer to the sales division. In huge advertizing organizations, it is very complex to describe as where marketing split ends and sales embark on.

Kevin Carter Essay

Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph made by Kevin Carter in 1993 I decided to describe the story behind this photograph, because of two reasons. The first one is a book I am reading now: ‘The Bang – Bang Club’. Kevin Carter – the author of this photograph belonged to this four-member club of South African photographers. The second reason is that this is an important moment in documentary photograhy. This photograph was taken during the Sudan Famine in 1993. The picture depicts a hunger stricken child crawling towards a United Nations food camp, located a kilometer away. The child is dying and he won’t make it to the camp. In the background a vulture is waiting for the child to die so it can eat him. The photographer waited for the vulture to spread its wings over the child, but it didn’t happen. Nevertheless, this picture shocked the whole world in 1993. As it turned out, it also took another death-toll – three months after taking the shot Kevin Carter, aged 33, committed suicide due to depression. The photograph first appeared in New York Times on March 26, 1993 and was reproduced in many other newspapers around the world. After the publication lots of people contacted the Times to ask about the fate of the boy. His fate was unknown, but it was almost impossible for him to have reached the feeding center. In 1994, the photograph won the Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography. It wasn’t the most shocking scene in Carter’s career, as he had been working ear- lier for â€Å"The Johannesburg Star†, being exposed to the real brutality of Apartheid. The publication caused rapid reactions. Carter was bombarded with questions about why he had not helped the child, and only used him to take a picture. He was accused by another newspaper: â€Å"The man adjusting his lens to take just the right frame of his suffering, might just as well be a predator, another vulture on the scene. † In most cases photojournalists say that showing the whole world in its drama is more important that helping starving children at a particular moment, for they will die anyway. It may sound cynical but I believe this is the right thing for them to do. Carter’s photograph started a discussion about the moral aspects of photojournalism. But the author appeared to be its victim. After his death, Carter’s daughter Megan responded: â€Å"I see my dad as the suffering child. And the rest of the world is the vulture. † Photojournalism is a tough profession. Only one member of Carter’s â€Å"Bang – Bang Club† has survived. Others were killed while working or committed suicides, due to stress and depression. The world should have a bit more respect for photojournalists who have been showing us the most important events in the 20th century. Not longer then a week ago the ‘Chicago Sun-Times’ fired all its staff photographers and decided to give reporters some Iphone training†¦ It wasn’t the most shocking scene in Carter career, as he was working earlier for â€Å"Johanesburg Star† being exposed to the real brutality of apartheid.

Environmental Ethical Issues Essay

Contemporary environmental ethics emerged as an academic discipline in the 1970’s, as nature was the focus of much of the nineteenth and twentieth century philosophy. † In the past thirty years society started the questioning and thinking of the relationship of human beings with the natural environment. This reflected an already widespread perception in the 1960’s that the twentieth century faced a population time bomb and a serious environmental crisis. The commercial farming practices impacted environmental and public health concerns. The chemicals used in farming on the crops are harmful and could cause health problems for society. This is an ethical issue when they know that harm can humans but making a profit comes first. On the other hand we now know that they are harmful and the government is trying to regulate the chemicals used. I believe it works in some instances but not with everyone. Discovered in 1968, by Stanford ecologist, Paul Eehrlich, warned that the growth of human population and viability of planetary life support systems are in trouble. Pollution is due to the overuse of our capacities. The government attempts to reach a common ground and change how areas are populated. They regulate what we build and how far apart we can. They also make wildlife preserves to protect animals from extension. They also make sure that protected trees are left and they also keep certain animal species protected. They are seeing the over population and starting to see that we need to do to keep our population free of overpopulation. In the past our society either turned a deaf eye or did not exactly know the consequences of what was happening in society. If we keep the idea and ethics in the environment we will make a huge change in society. Animal rights activist are concerned about the rights of animals. I do believe that animals should have rights to but I also feel that in rats and other rodents we need testing to help save some lives. If we did not use them then we would not find cures for cancer, aids and many other life threatening diseases. If we do not use animals then what do we use? In the past this was not a concern because it did not raise such an environmental ethical issue. Today we know more and many more people are concerned of what happens to them and why we are using animals. I feel that we should use animals instead of humans. Humans are also used in studies and things happen to them just like animals. I feel that this is not ethical. I know that sometimes they use a placebo and then a drug that could save a persons life. What if you were the one that got the placebo? Would that make you and your family feel good knowing that something could have saved your life? I was personally involved in an environmental ethical issue where I lived. It was a highly published case that really caused a lot of controversy in the news and with society. I lived off of Marlee, which was about a mile away from the area of contamination. The government did know that the chemicals were being dumped and covered up. After many years of covering it up, it came out in the news. It kind of reminded me of the movie with Julia Roberts Erin Brocovitch. Everyone was located and had meetings to discuss the health problems that the people that grew up along there had been experiencing. Myself being one of them, having cysts on my ovaries at 9 years of age. I knew so many people who died from cancer at an early age. I was friends with many people who had miscarriages. It was very bad time in our lives and devastating that the people had to suffer because someone wanted to save money. I can promise you one thing that the company paid a lot more after the fact then they would have if they disposed of the waste properly. I know that the peoples life expectancy in the neighborhood I lived in I only about 50-60 which is rater young. If our society would all do there part and not expect that is will just change itself we will live in an environmental ethical society. The new saying is† think green† and I have even been making sure not to print something unless absolutely needed. It is going to take an effort on al people not just some to change our society and make it a more environmental ethical place to live. Ruggiero, V. R. , (2008). Thinking critically about ethical issues. McGraw Hill. Boston.

WONDERWORKS (TN) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WONDERWORKS (TN) - Essay Example The Wonder world building is among the many architectural developments that initiated changes and abilities for building designs to take shapes different from the normal that considered the need for the foundation to have a huge base that can carry the pressure of the whole structure. Wonder works is an amusement center that provides fun to all people ranging from children to mature people. With a wide range of activities involved in the place, many of the amusement activities have standards developed for safety of the users and the constant information of the management to the people on a number of occurrences. The occasions creates an attachment to the customers to keeps them protected and ensuring that they play their role in ensuring safety is provided for at all times. Much of the material developed here reflects the architectural works that went into the development of the structure. The details of this work provide an understanding into the works that went into the development of this building and the different questions of when, where, the size, civilization and cultures involved in the construction. The works also consider the nature of the construction as per the years when it was constructed comparing with the current level of input that would have gone into it if it were to be built today. Considering these, the materials used, and the possible material components of the structure, one understands the developments into the architectural field and their effects to the works in general. The details of the work explain these factors starting with a bibliography of Wonder Works. â€Å"WonderWorks Pigeon Forge: 50% Theme Park, 50% Science Museum, & 100% Fun† as the saying above goes, Wonderworks is a placed filled with fun and amusement. The place is located inside a very huge upside-down building, which is a symbol of great architectural works that existed since the years of earlier developments in buildings. The building provides amusement,

CASE5 599 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CASE5 599 - Coursework Example 133) A reinforcing loop generally develops the market value of a company along with its policy framework and a clear cut course of action. For instance in the case of a company like Whole Foods Market, the management is actively implementing the core value of satisfying and gratifying their customers with an intention to retain them. This is giving rise to a reinforcing loop. The loop starts at the core value specification, which can be diagnosed as the causal factor. The loop is processed through the organization’s customer oriented activities culminating at customer centric relationship management. The loop is then reinforced by the returning customers. This happens in consequence to the causal policy that finally results into its reiteration by the virtue of the company’s active and deployable business methods. â€Å"Balancing loops are system processes triggered to bring the system back to a preestablished norm† (Notter and Grantt, 2011, p. 133) A balancing l oop is a kind of automatic control within the organization which may bring about considerable damage if not terminated in proper time. This is a case in which a system is constrained within highly tacit parameters (Notter and Grant, 2011; Sterman, 2000). ... This oversensitivity in establishing one of the primary core values to deal with the marketing processes appears to be causing a balancing loop. The loop is executing through the unopposed policy specification and then exposing the organization to tougher competition. Figure – 1: The Reinforcement Loop formed due to Customer Centric Management Figure – 2: Setting product quality specifications with excessive stringency may lead to a negative balancing loop Part 2 Traditionally, scholars and professionals in the field of management and business research used to accept the notion of organizational learning, but its definition and theory remained unclear for a considerable period of time. However, as early as 1985, Fiol and Lyles (1985, p. 804) pointed out that â€Å"Some agreement exists that distinctions must be made between individual and organizational learning.† Consequently, it becomes an imperative to contemplate on the concept that individual learning is vit al for an organization, but organizational learning cannot be regarded as merely the sum total of each member’s erudition. An organization, unlike an individual, builds up and maintains learning mechanisms. These mechanisms influence the organization’s immediate members. Moreover, these mechanisms help in transmitting the learning outcomes to others by the means of organizational histories, paradigms, and norms. (Notter and Grant, 2011; Argyris, 1990; Fiol and Lyles, 1985) So the theory of organizational learning has emerged on the fundamentals of the earlier works regarding organizational processes and needs. In providing a summary on the most important information on organizational learning (especially at the executive level), reviewing the works of Dixon (1999) can be highly rewarding.

American System of Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American System of Education - Research Paper Example From the discussion it is clear that it is always good to study or learn about a country’s system of education before enrolling in any school. This will help in understanding how the system works and hence help the student during their period in school. Once a student has enrolled he or she can be able to study the units they are interested in so as to enhance their career choice. The American system of education has been admired even by the international students and therefore this topic will help in understanding how the system works. It is also important to know the schools or colleges that one can afford to pay for the tuition fee. This topic entails how the levels of education flow and when and how to enroll in any school.This essay declares that  the education system in the US want to make sure that every child is well educated. Every educator feels the need to improve the system though it has received a lot of challenges. Some subcultures do not see the value for educ ation and that some children are given wrong messages at home that school is not important. Some of the values for schooling need to be instilled from the homes.   Some schools provide for transport although it may be for certain ages or schools. At the primary and secondary levels school is mandatory. Again first grade is compulsory. President Obama has felt the need for the federal government to pay the tuition for students in community colleges.

Discussion Board Chapter 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board Chapter 2 - Essay Example Most people have never interacted with other cultures, therefore need to be educated on the principles that they should incorporate. The main principle is making prior research on the person you wish to interact with from the different culture. This way one is familiar with the basics of the foreign culture and one can prepare on how to communicate. For instance, answering greetings from the foreign culture. The other principles involved include having a purpose for interaction with the new culture. With this in mind conversation are easy to start and to keep going for a long time. Other principles include noting the tonal variation of the other party so as to help understand what they are putting across. A tone may help recognize emotions and feelings. In addition one should avoid using slang from your own culture that would definitely shut out the other party from conversing. Moreover, generally looking at the facial expression and body movement of the other party can improve communication. In conclusion, improving intercultural communication requires efforts from both parties including being a good listener and having the need for communicating. Most individuals only go down that road with a purpose but with the knowledge on how to improve such communications, different cultures will bond easily and achieve an understanding from their

Marketing Survey for Gourmet Cupcakes Research Paper

Marketing Survey for Gourmet Cupcakes - Research Paper Example The research report author recommends that the Gourmet Cupcakes Bakery undertakes an expansion strategy into the key markets of Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, New Zealand, Australia, China, Japan and South Africa. Opportunites exist to position the product as a luxury item in these markets. 4. Introduction The purpose of the following report is to put forward a study that gives quantitative insight into current consumer response toward the product offering, gourmet cupcakes, from the Gourmet Cupcake Bakery. The report intends to identify current and future opportunities for the Gourmet Cupcake Bakery to expand its operations beyond its present location in the United States to an international market. The report also points to a secondary opportunity for the Gourmet Cupcake Bakery to co-brand with specialty food stores in the United States and internationally to build sales and develop a strong brand reputation. To date the Gourmet Cupcake Bakery has focused its operations exclu sively in the United States market. However, international demand for the Gourmet Cupcake Bakery product can be stimulated through a series of strategic partnerships and co-branding initiatives. Key target markets exist in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, New Zealand, Australia, China, Japan and South Africa. The report seeks to highlight future opportunities that serve the Gourmet Cupcake Bakery strategic vision. In order to accomplish the stated goals of the project, the research report author employed the web based Qualtrics survey software to create an online survey of consumer responses to the current gourmet cupcake product offerings produced by the Gourmet Cupcake Bakery. The Qualtrics software allowed the research report author to... The report intends to identify current and future opportunities for the Gourmet Cupcake Bakery to expand its operations beyond its present location in the United States to an international market. The report also points to a secondary opportunity for the Gourmet Cupcake Bakery to co-brand with specialty food stores in the United States and internationally to build sales and develop a strong brand reputation. To date the Gourmet Cupcake Bakery has focused its operations exclusively in the United States market. However, international demand for the Gourmet Cupcake Bakery product can be stimulated through a series of strategic partnerships and co-branding initiatives. Key target markets exist in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, New Zealand, Australia, China, Japan and South Africa. The report seeks to highlight future opportunities that serve the Gourmet Cupcake Bakery strategic vision. In order to accomplish the stated goals of the project, the research report author employed the w eb based Qualtrics survey software to create an online survey of consumer responses to the current gourmet cupcake product offerings produced by the Gourmet Cupcake Bakery. The Qualtrics software allowed the research report author to perform quantitative statistical analysis, create a survey database and export the results to a simple Excel document for further examination. The result is a comprehensive and thorough analysis of consumer purchasing intention for the product offered by the Gourmet Cupcake Bakery, using its present branding strategy.

Should abortion right be restricted Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Should abortion right be restricted - Essay Example Nobody can deny abortions in some cases while in other cases it is totally unnecessary to go for it. This topic involves concerns of biology, mortality and legal rights. Critiques of abortion argues that human life begins with conception and the abortion is nothing but a of killing a human being. So they consider abortion as an immoral and illegal issue. They keep a liberal attitude towards abortion in the case of rape, incest or when the mother’s health at risk. Proponents of abortion believe that a woman’s right to make decisions concerning her body and her future outweigh the rights of the fetus. One of the most controversial restrictions on abortion requires minors to notify or obtain the consent of at least one parent before having an abortion. All the living things in the world are one way or other give birth to their offspring. God has given the responsibility to all the living things, to live and sustain their species. So pregnancy is a natural process. A women’s life will be meaningful only when she conceives and give birth to a child. Her biological and psychological aspects demand the motherhood. It has been proved from some studies that breast feeding makes a mother happier and also that will reduce the risk of breast cancer. Religious organizations are the main critiques of abortion. As per their theory human being doesn’t have the right to kill the fetus. Children are the blessings given by the God. Conception is a blessing given by the God, we should not destroy it. God has definite plan towards all things and we should not question it. A person’s right to enjoy the facilities of the world should not be negated by deliberate human activities. We are living in this world since our mother did not go for the abortion and the same right should be given to the fetus. The ethical debate over abortion usually surrounds the issues of whether a fetus has rights, in particular a right to

Latinos Communityeth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Latinos Communityeth - Essay Example Latinos is a term used for the people who belong to Latin America. This region consists of each countries, each with their unique language, culture and identity. But their immigration to other countries of the world like United States of America and Spain have crushed their individual identity and made them popular as a collective unit, yet considered a minority and treated with biases and prejudice. This discrimination and highlight of a community aspect of Latinos has been mostly brought forward by the Spanish media, whether it be the television, newspapers, radio or the likes. Such media propogation by any country gives further impetus to different countries to form stereotypes and biases for these people. An Argentinian has a totally different culture than the Bolivian who lives in U.S., a Brazilian has different beliefs than a Colombian who works in U.S. and Ecuadorian will have different thought processes than a person from Panama who study together in U.S. Such differences nee d to be highlighted. Latin America's rich and diverse culture needs to be brought in front of the world but what media does is only show a cross-section of population from Latin America, collectively labels them as Latinos and ignores the diversity available in the region. This is an important topic to address as it wants to... Other topics would just have been an addition to the database of various papers who talk about Latinos. But talking about the injustice that they go through and the situation of being referred to as "Latinos" puts them in an advantageous position as a community and at a disadvantage when it comes to their individuality. This ambiguous situation is difficult to weigh and talked about rarely. The Latinos know what they go through but I, being a student, subjected to the study of Latino culture, want to unravel their range of cultures and individuality as written and argued by prominent authors. Many authors have written on the subject of Latino identity in U.S. and propogation by the Spanish Media. Let us analyse each book and what went in the writing of each: LATIN AMERICA AND ITS PEOPLE, VOLUME I This book has been beautifully penned down in unity by Martin C. and Wasserman, M. They have talked about Latin America till the 1830s. The writers have emphasized on the relationship that Latin America had with Spain. It got a kick start when Latin America got most of Spain's colonies, only with the exception of Cuba and Peurto Rico. This was the harvesting of the seeds of enmity in the heart of Spain. They had lost all their colonies to Latin America and therefore, from them onwards till date, they have used their media as a powerful tool against the Latinos. They are clever enough not to declare open wars against them, but are satisfied by what little damage they can create throught their media. The author has focused on all sides of Latin America, be it be social, political, environmental and cultural history. It does not focus on Latin America country by country, rather takes an all-region approach. But nonetheless, it does not ignore the

Reflection paper on Echos from the Roman Ghettos by David Laskin Essay

Reflection paper on Echos from the Roman Ghettos by David Laskin - Essay Example Questions over the justification of the businesses taking advantage of tourism in the area irrespective of the history of the site also tend to feature from the article. The author of the article indicated that the renovation of the town has led to the loss of history’s sense. This is very possible because the gentrification will tend to cover some important historical sites (David, 2012). And the visitors who will visit the area will have no evidence to convince them that where a particular building is built a certain historical event took place. If the area can be set apart and reserved, this will act as an excellent historical site. The renovation and the loss of historical relevance of the ghetto have happened simply because the officials have slept in their jobs of preserving the historical significance of these sites. The officials have a responsibility of preserving all the historical relevant sites from being encroached by the public. Such sites are very essential in that people can reflect on what happened those years and learn from them to avoid the repetition of such an act in the future. The preservation of the significance of these sites can be done through setting apart these areas irrespective of the economic advantage they owe. Construction of an archive to store documents and pictures of the events that took place in the real-time is another responsibility of the officials so as to enhance the site retains the significance it deserves. The officials have a responsibility of strategizing how these sites will be protected. There is no harm in businesses taking advantage of the tourism in any given area. Besides retaining the historical relevance, historical sites are retained for the economic advantage of the citizens of the responsible nation as well as the nation itself (David, 2012). As a business person, one has to be as opportunistic as possible so as to make it in the business world. There is nothing wrong, therefore, of the

Evaluation for cake bases Essay Example for Free

Evaluation for cake bases Essay In this project my aim was to produce a gift cake that could be mass produced and sold in a supermarket, in order to do this I had to research novelty cakes that are currently been sold in supermarkets. From the research I found that the target audience were usually children and occasionally adults. The most commonly used cake base was Madeira sponge, and buttercream and jam where used as an adhesive. I also found that the cake shapes were usually simple shapes e. g. circular, square, and rectangular. The novelty cakes were mainly covered and decorated in fondant icing. Serving size for the gift cakes were normally 12 servings. The information I collected helped me to produce my gift cake because it gave me a guideline and indication of what my gift cake should be similar to. In class we then researched different cake bases, so we could find the best to fit our needs, in the test the Madeira sponge best fit our requirements because it was the strongest base out of the ones we tested, it also had the longest shelf life. The flavour and texture of the cake were appropriate for my cake base. From the research above I wrote a design specification stating what my cake should be similar to. In my design specification I decided my cake to be a Christmas theme; I chose to target my novelty cake at children. The decoration on my novelty cake was based on flat relief because if the cake were to be mass produced it would be difficult to manufacture 3D models, I made the decision to use fondant icing to cover and decorate my cake because I a lot more manageable then royal icing. The design I chose to use for the decoration on my gift cake fitted my specification of the Christmas theme and aiming it at children perfectly. My novelty cake was designed to serve between 3-4 people. If I were to sell my cake in a supermarket I would have priced it at about i 4. 98. Originally I was going to use a layer of marzipan because it is a traditional Christmas cake covering for fruit cake, however seen as my design was targeted at children I decided against using a fruit cake base and used a Madeira sponge base, which didnt need covering with marzipan. Once I had made my product I piped royal icing around the bottom of the cake to add detail to my design. Overall I think my design was successful due to the research and testing I carried out. Throughout the practical lesson I was extremely organised because I knew exactly what to do, I had planned everything accurately, the correct equipment, instructions on what to do in which order and how long it should take to do. The new skills I learnt were how to use the creaming method for a cake base, which is very useful. The covering of the cake was complicated, but I was careful and made sure no crumbs got on the fondant icing, I used the palm of my hands and lifting the icing and smoothing it down to get a clean, smooth finish. For the decoration on my gift cake I used my hands to roll and flatten objects, I also used a special cutter to cut out Christmas trees to stick around the edge of my cake. My gift cakes appearance was exactly how I had planned. My product was a circular cake with Christmas theme with a Rudolf face on the top, which fitted nicely with the target audience being children. The colour of the fondant icing I used matched the Christmas theme brilliantly. I decorated my cake very neatly so it looked professional. The cake was quite small I would have liked it to be bigger but unfortunately due to production restrictions. On the whole I think my cake looked like a great Christmas cake for children that you could defiantly mass produce and sell in a supermarket. My product looked very appetising so I sampled my cake I recorded its sensory qualities. I found that my gift cake was very sweet, slightly crumbly, rich in flavour, quite creamy and moist. The cake had a pale crumb with an even variation. In my opinion the cake tasted great and looked great. Success! If I made this cake again, I would improve my cake mixture, it was very nice, but I think it could have been improved slightly by adding more butter to the mixture. I would consider spending more time on covering my cake in buttercream to use as an adhesive because on my plan I didnt think it would take as long as it actually did take in the practical lesson. Despite that my cake was tasty and I did manage to complete the task in time. I think I was particularly good at icing the cake because I have some practice at it. I was very organised and I used the lesson time appropriately. The quality of my planning and research was quite good; however I would have liked to have spent more time on it to achieve a better grade. In the future I think I need to improve on my annotation skills and understand fully what the task in hand is. I have learnt a lot about gift cakes throughout this project, especially about different cake bases. In conclusion, my main aims for this project were to produce a Christmas gift cake targeted at children; I also aimed to complete my paper work to the highest standard possible. I feel I did not meet my aim to complete my work to my highest standard this was because sometimes I didnt have enough time to complete the work to the standard I would have liked because of having work to complete from other subjects, so I had to rush my work a bit in order to complete all my work. However my organisation skills are very good, and I put a lot of effort into this project. I believe I have met my design brief, and my cake certainly did.

Personality Traits And Leadership Abilities

Personality Traits And Leadership Abilities Admittedly, the relationship between Personality traits and leadership effectiveness has generated a lot of interest from researchers in different fields. Many a times, a consensus has been reached suggesting that an individuals successful leadership is determined by his/her personality traits (Matthews, Deary, Whiteman, 2003). In such situations, personality traits are used to measure the leadership performance of such individuals. The assessment criteria typical in such a situation are usually based on the Five-Factor framework, which is often employed as a framework account for analyzing individual traits of individuals. Other ways that have been used to identify whether an individual includes using trait approach to determine charismatic leadership (Goleman, 2004). Over and above, the general question that needs to be explained is whether personality tests can be applied to determine the leadership abilities of individuals (Hackman, Wageman, 2007). Although research studies have showed that aptitude with respect to leadership can ascertained through the evaluation of personality traits, the tools that can be employed to determine their personality traits are faced with common errors and therefore subjecting the findings to warrant a discussion. Nonetheless, the extent to which personality traits can be used to predict an individuals leadership abilities is a matter that is still open to debate. Worse still, there are no proven universal characteristics or character traits used to measure leadership success of individuals. As certain clear characteristics can be seen in excellent leaders, other traits are acquired naturally. In addition to the Five-Factor Model and Charismatic leadership traits, other methods that can be used to predict leadership characters include the application of narrow verses broader perspectives of success in leadership with respect to how personality traits are applied in leadership activities. The Relationship between Leadership and Personality Traits Arguably, leadership ability comprises of various skills that can be acquired throughout an individuals career. It entails the process that makes an individual to be in a position of influencing the attitudes and behaviors of others. As opposed to leaders whose role is to exert influence upon the behaviors of fellow individuals, an effective leader not only exerts influence but also accomplishes organizational goals assigned to his/her leadership role (Robbins, and Judge, 2009). Generally, leaders are concerned with creating a visionary approach to their followers and in turn improving communication and coordination channels that are essential for the completion of the organizational goals while at the same time motivating their subordinates. There are several theories that have been put forward to aid in the measurement of leadership effectiveness. This includes but not limited to cognitive approach, situational approach, the behavioral approach, and lastly the trait approach. For purposes of the topic under discussion, the trait approach can be evaluated with respect to its concept of emphasizing an individuals abilities, personality, and other dispositions that can be used to characterize his/her personality (Matthews, Deary, Whiteman, 2003). The trait further proposes that majority of individuals with leadership capabilities are born with characteristics that are innate thereby giving them the ability to exert influence over other individuals. The Big Five or Five-Factor Model In addition to the issue of intelligence being the most effective trait in measuring managerial effectiveness, five dimensions that are based on personality traits can be used to identify and/or evaluate leadership traits of an individual. It is commonly referred to as the Big Five Model or the Five-Factor model, which is comprised of conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and emotional stability. Each of these factors is made of individual clusters that enable it to acquire specific traits that are closely related. However, all of these dimensions of personality comprising the model are used to describe the personality of human beings. Several advantages can be associated with using the Five-Factor Model as a choice of explaining leadership abilities based on personality traits (Judge, and Bono, 2000). Firstly, it enables researchers to achieve orderliness in the research field that has been in need of such a model for a long period. Secondly, findings from numerous studies can be compared side by side to using elements of meta-analysis. Lastly, the big five elements are often considered to be a common language when it comes to describing the personality of individuals given that the probability of researcher agreeing over personality aspects is very high. Limitations of the Big Five-Factor Model Although the Five-Factor model seems to be a convincing approach of evaluating leadership abilities based on personality characteristics, a number of conceptual and utility drawbacks limits its application. This includes but is not limited to unavailability of agreement between the different aspects that make up the model. For instance, naming of the elements that make up the five personality factors differ significantly in terms of defining each factor (Judge, and Bono, (2000). Additionally, these aspects do present a broad and cumbersome situation when it comes to describing personality when applied in the field of research. This is applicable when data is collected from the field and researchers have to determine the level of detail that needs to be applied in such a situation. Narrow and broad aspects have to be defined in order for the researchers to come up with a more detailed explanation of how personality traits affect leadership abilities. Lastly, this model has been criticized for its failure to explain all aspects that relate to human personality because it does not consider factors such as manipulativeness, honesty, sense of humor, and religiosity among others (Harris, 2006). Narrow vs. Broad Personality Aspects as Applied in Predicting Leadership Abilities In light of the evidence presented in the above analysis, it can be concluded that the application of the Five-Factor analysis to predict leadership capabilities of individuals failed to provide sufficient results. Therefore, narrow and broad personality factors can be applied in different situations to predict leadership abilities of various individuals (Harris, 2006). Narrow personality traits include primary factors whereas broad factors include global factors both, which are measured based on predictive power and utility aspects. Admittedly, personality has been used for a long time as form of measuring the performance and behavior of individuals in the workplace scenario. As such, narrow and broad aspects of personality do have an impact on the ability of leaders to do whatever they feel is right (Matthews, Deary, Whiteman, 2003). For this reason, a number of personality aspects, which determines the level of forcefulness that a leader will employ, realize his/her goals. In turn, an indication will be established to show how well a leader is prepared in attending to leadership priorities. The primary factors established include dominance and social boldness, both of which are very important in determining leadership skills. On the other hand, broad factors include those that affect independent leadership abilities such as openness to change and vigilance. However, they are not so important personality traits that influence leadership abilities of such individuals as compared to narrow aspects. As it can be seen from the above discussion, understanding the factors that influence leaders to do actions that must be done in order to achieve their goals in addition to their independence. It is useful in getting an overall picture of the nature of abilities in leadership and the corresponding relationship to personality. Primary factors enable an individual to determine the qualities that will enable him or her to specify his abilities that will enable him to succeed as a leader. Additionally, the predictive power of leaders are often distinguished in terms of broad and narrow personality perspectives. In turn, competencies in different leadership scenarios can be ascertained by comparing the factors that determine their personality traits. Conclusion Admittedly, for a long time, personality traits have been employed to predict the extent to which an individuals leadership abilities can be ascertained. In fact, the issue has been subjected to numerous debates but over and above all, a consensus that has been agreed upon is that personality traits do predict leadership abilities (Block, 2010). From a managerial point of view, management officials not have a say in the general performance of an organization but also do play an important role in influencing the performance of their seniors or subordinates (Robbins, and Judge, 2009). Conversely, theories have been put forward to explain ways in which personality traits influence leadership performance. A good example is the application of the Big Five model or Five-Factor model as a method of assessing the impacts of personality traits on leadership performance. This framework has been used to account for reasons as to why individual trait differences exist. Generally, the dimensions used to construct this model differ in terms of the dimensions used to describe it but also the nature in which they are constructed. However, the model failed to consider all personality aspects that make up the general humanity perspectives. This led to the explanation of personality traits from a narrow and broad perspective. Additionally, these factors were found to influence leadership abilities of individual using primary and global factors. Generally, what matters the most is the value of a personality trait in influencing the personality trait of an individual (Hackman, Wage man, 2007). In light of evidence presented in this paper, the extent to which personality traits can be used to influence leadership abilities is dependent on the value of the trait in influencing the decision of the individual (Block, 2010). This can be assessed using narrow measures in order to ascertain the effect that the trait brings with respect to the choices made.

The Popularity Of Air Travel Tourism Essay

The Popularity Of Air Travel Tourism Essay The Wright brothers penned their names down in history when they built the first airplane which flew for 12 seconds. Thirteen years later, in 1936; the first passenger aircraft was produced with a capacity of 21 passengers. Since then, commercial flying has become a reality. However, it was a harsh reality because only an elite group of rich people had access to this luxurious life. In 1971, the first low budget airline, American company Southwest was launched. With the introduction of budget airlines into the market, flying became available to people of every class in society. The demand for air travel skyrocketed and the industry flourished. Thus, it is safe to say that rather than causing harm to the environment by contributing to global warming, the industry brings huge benefits in economical and social aspects and its presence is very much needed and welcomed in the travel sector. Throughout this essay, the term airline industry will be more commonly used than the term budget airlines as low cost airlines only represent a small fraction of the airline industry, not the whole industry. By looking at the bigger picture of the entire aviation industry, the impacts of the industry can be evaluated at a larger scale. Therefore, the overall impact of airlines on the environment and its benefits will be discussed rather than the effects of budget airlines alone. This essay will also focus on the airborne environment which comes more in contact with airline industry. Beginning with the industrial revolution, air transport has gained popularity because it saves international travel time as transportation becomes a basic necessity. As a result, environmentalists argue that the airline industry no doubt highly contributes to carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere as one of the fastest-growing sectors given the extra boost from budget airlines. The Environmental Protection Agency shows that in 1997, the U.S. aviation emitted carbon dioxide which was roughly comparable to the carbon emissions of certain industrialised countries (General Accounting Office 2000). Carbon dioxide gas is emitted as a by product of the burning of aviation fuel. As the main greenhouse gas, excessive amount of emissions cause global warming to rise at an alarming state. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts the worldwide temperature to increase from 34.7 to 40.1 degrees between 1990 and 2100 (Bowe, Hartley OConnor 2004). The increase in Earths te mperature brings about a chain of events, such as ice sheets and glaciers thawing, sparking a rise in sea levels and successive coastal flooding. In addition, the occurrence of tropical infectious diseases might increase in moderate climates. On the other hand, it is affirmed by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) that the carbon dioxide vented by aircrafts actually only rationalise for a small 3.5 percent of the worldwide emission, even less by the budget carriers. This contrasts with 41 percent for other industrial sources and 23 percent for other transportation sources (General Accounting Office 2000). Moreover, aircraft experts are taking on the responsibility to minimise the negative impacts of aeroplanes. Giovanni Bisignani, director general of the IATA, claims commercial air travel has made much bigger steps in its environmental impact reduction than any other form of transport (Wastnage,J 2007), by using cleaner aircrafts, new fuels and introducing more sustai nable technologies. Thus, the industry cannot be solely accountable for global warming. On the contrary, airlines pose huge positive implications on the travel industry and economy as a whole. Low cost carriers pilot the industry to act as a catalyst for employment in other sectors such as tourism. A total of 7.7 million direct occupations in global tourism and 6.0 million indirect professions in sectors providing to tourism are estimated to be sustained by the spending of international tourists reaching by air, amounting to about USD 90 billion a year to global Gross Domestic Product (GDP) based on the Air Transport Action Groups (ATAG) report in 2008. Just as air travel is a vital component of tourism, tourism is in turn essential for economic growth. For example, in Africa, 25% of all tourism careers, an estimated 1.5 million occupations are supported by overseas visitors arriving via air (ATAG 2008). Giovanni Bisignani states in 2005 that tourism directly accounts for up to 50% of GDP in Pacific Air Travel Association (PATA) countries, and in Maldives, the sector ac counts for 80% of the economy. Hence, the sector holds a vital role in facilitating the growth of travel and tourism which are key factors in the increasingly globalised world economy. From a different perspective, this essay also takes into consideration a key group of stakeholder in the travel industry, the tourists themselves. Based on ATAGs 2008 report, travel and tourism provide substantial consumer welfare and social benefits. The existence of the air transport industry itself is a manifestation of consumer welfare where the demand to travel globally using a safe and fast mode of transportation is met. Looking beyond that, with budget airlines leading the way in making international travel readily accessible via cheaper tickets, a broader choice of holiday destinations are made available. As local standards of living improve, international air travel from India, China and other surfacing markets is raising swiftly (ATAG 2008). This means that tourists are no longer limited to regional holiday destinations. Travelling halfway around the globe becomes more common now than ever before. This provides freedom to travel and it facilitates the exchange of cultural a nd learning experiences. By being exposed to different cultures while abroad, many experiences are broadened while the understanding of other cultures increases. Both of these result in the improvement of quality of life and aid in better international integration. Moreover, the expansion of multicultural societies is supported when airlines, especially budget airlines provide an affordable mean for immigrants to visit their friends and family back home and vice versa. For that reason, inexpensive flights would ensure a raise in the quality of life. As a whole, while budget airlines and airlines do contribute to many environmental issues, the percentage to involvement is relatively small and according to Philip Murray Condit, former CEO of Boeing, it is the most environmentally friendly way to travel. Comparatively, the airline sector provides jobs for millions resulting in the rise of global economy. Socially, airlines induce the popularity of international travel and enhance cultural knowledge in order to foster better intergovernmental ties. Overall, budget airlines as part of the industry plays an active role in the society, generating profitable gains for everyone while planning ahead to reduce its negative impacts. Bottom line, the airline industry, not forgetting the budget airlines are meant to stay for years to come. (1111 words)

Operating Systems Essays -- Essays Papers

Operating Systems Operating Systems An operating system is the program that manages all the application programs in a computer system. This also includes managing the input and output devices, and assigning system resources. Operating systems evolved as the solution to the problems that were evident in early computer systems, and coincide with the changing computer systems. Three cycles are clear in the evolution of computers, the mainframe computers, minicomputers and microcomputers, and each of these stages influenced the development of operating systems. Now, advances in software and hardware technologies have resulted in an increased demand for more sophisticated and powerful operating systems, with each new generation able to handle and perform more complex tasks. The folowing report examines the development of operating systems, and how the changing tehcnology shaped the evolution of operating systems. First Generation Computers (1945?1955) In the mid?1940's enormous machines capable of performing numerical calculations were created. The machine consisted of vacuum tubes and plugboards, and programming was done purely in machine code. Programming languages were unheard of during the early part of the period, and each machine was specifically assembled to carry out a particular calculation. These early computers had no need for an operating system and were operated directly from the operator's console by a computer programmer, who had immediate knowledge of the computers design. By the early 1950's punched cards were introduced, allowing programs to be written and read directly from the card, instead of using plugboards. Second Generation Computers (1955?1965) In the mid?1950's, the transistor was introduced, creating a more reliable computer. Computers were used primarily for scientific and engineering calculations and were programmed mainly in FORTRAN and assembly language. As computers became more reliable they also became more business orientated, although they were still very large and expensive. Because of the expenditure, the productiveness of the system had to be magnified as to ensure cost effectiveness. Job scheduling and the hiring of computer operators, ensured that the computer was used effectively and crucial time was not wasted. Loading the compliers was a time consuming process as each complier was k... ...or personal computers. Modern Operating Systems The past 9 years have seen many advances in computers and their operating systems. Processors continue to increase in speed, each requiring an operating system to handle the new developments. Microsoft Corporation has dominated the IBM compatible world, Windows being the standard operating system for majority of personal computers. Now as computing and information technology becomes more towards the Internet and virtual computing, so too must the operating systems. In 1992, Microsoft for Workgroups 3.1 was introduced, extending on from the previous versions. It allowed the sending of electronic mail, and provided advanced networking capabilities to be used as a client on an existing local area network. This was only the one stage in the vast evolution of the worlds most popular operating system, with the most recent being Windows NT and Windows 98, the latter being a fully Internet integrated operating system. Windows, however is not the only operating system in use today. Other's such as UNIX, Apple Operating System and OS/Warp have also had an impact, each new version more advanced, and more user friendly then the last. Operating Systems Essays -- Essays Papers Operating Systems Operating Systems An operating system is the program that manages all the application programs in a computer system. This also includes managing the input and output devices, and assigning system resources. Operating systems evolved as the solution to the problems that were evident in early computer systems, and coincide with the changing computer systems. Three cycles are clear in the evolution of computers, the mainframe computers, minicomputers and microcomputers, and each of these stages influenced the development of operating systems. Now, advances in software and hardware technologies have resulted in an increased demand for more sophisticated and powerful operating systems, with each new generation able to handle and perform more complex tasks. The folowing report examines the development of operating systems, and how the changing tehcnology shaped the evolution of operating systems. First Generation Computers (1945?1955) In the mid?1940's enormous machines capable of performing numerical calculations were created. The machine consisted of vacuum tubes and plugboards, and programming was done purely in machine code. Programming languages were unheard of during the early part of the period, and each machine was specifically assembled to carry out a particular calculation. These early computers had no need for an operating system and were operated directly from the operator's console by a computer programmer, who had immediate knowledge of the computers design. By the early 1950's punched cards were introduced, allowing programs to be written and read directly from the card, instead of using plugboards. Second Generation Computers (1955?1965) In the mid?1950's, the transistor was introduced, creating a more reliable computer. Computers were used primarily for scientific and engineering calculations and were programmed mainly in FORTRAN and assembly language. As computers became more reliable they also became more business orientated, although they were still very large and expensive. Because of the expenditure, the productiveness of the system had to be magnified as to ensure cost effectiveness. Job scheduling and the hiring of computer operators, ensured that the computer was used effectively and crucial time was not wasted. Loading the compliers was a time consuming process as each complier was k... ...or personal computers. Modern Operating Systems The past 9 years have seen many advances in computers and their operating systems. Processors continue to increase in speed, each requiring an operating system to handle the new developments. Microsoft Corporation has dominated the IBM compatible world, Windows being the standard operating system for majority of personal computers. Now as computing and information technology becomes more towards the Internet and virtual computing, so too must the operating systems. In 1992, Microsoft for Workgroups 3.1 was introduced, extending on from the previous versions. It allowed the sending of electronic mail, and provided advanced networking capabilities to be used as a client on an existing local area network. This was only the one stage in the vast evolution of the worlds most popular operating system, with the most recent being Windows NT and Windows 98, the latter being a fully Internet integrated operating system. Windows, however is not the only operating system in use today. Other's such as UNIX, Apple Operating System and OS/Warp have also had an impact, each new version more advanced, and more user friendly then the last.

White Attitudes Towards Nature Essay -- Racial Relations, Indian, Whit

In Luther Standing Bear’s â€Å"Nature† and Louis Owens’s â€Å"The American Indian Wilderness†, the authors dictate differences in Indian and white relationships with nature. They stress how Indians see nature, their balanced relationship with it, and how Indians know wilderness is just a European idea. Though agreeing here, Standing Bear focuses on how Indians truly lived while Owens reveals more of both sides and has hope that white views can shift. Standing Bear thinks the difference in how whites and Indians see nature stems from childhood. He believes Indian children are aware of nature because they have been taught to â€Å"become conscious of life† and spend time observing the wild around them (9). By seeing the world this way, their love and respect for it flourishes (10). He says this appreciation sharply contrasts to ignorant whites who thoughtlessly play as children, ignoring everything but each other, and grow up disregarding the knowledge nature gives, seeing only what they can use. He thinks whites are bored with nature because they do not have the â€Å"Indian point of view† (11). The distance whites have from nature harms their relationship with it and humans, making them less compassionate when they do not see â€Å"man’s heart, away from nature, becomes hard† (Standing Bear 12). Similarly, Owens says whites see nature differently because of childhood experiences. Instead of growing up daily in nature, white children sporadically go camping, and thus view nature as a tourist attraction instead of a second home. He states Indians embrace nature because it has a stronger family significance to them that whites do not see. Indians call the Cascades the â€Å"Great Mother† because of stories they have heard growing up, and things like this ca... ...s have led him to think whites will never change and that the two races â€Å"[can] not understand each other† (12). On the other hand, Owens has hope for whites because he did not grow up with Indian traditions and he witnessed the U.S. Forest Service protecting nature when he was sent to burn the shed. (11). Indians comprehend and value nature more than whites and these authors recognize that. They believe the trouble with white attitudes is they do not truly see nature or form harmonious relationships, and whites think they can be separated from their idea of wilderness. Although Standing Bear is critical of whites and believes they will never change, Owens thinks they will if they continue to redefine how they view nature and try to connect with it. Overall, both authors want whites to respect the Indian way of living with nature and aspire to be that way also.

Surviving the Cold War

When America dropped a bomb on Japan in 1945 it marked the end of World War 2 and the beginning of the Cold War. The government urged citizens to be prepared for the worst; an atomic bomb. It was a time of extreme fear. It was a time to take measures in your own hands to protect your family. As head of my household during the cold war it would be hard not to fall pray to the constant propaganda of the day. Since any above ground post atomic attack survival strategies would be futile; efforts would be made for an underground or bunker survival. I would build a shelter at least four levels deep underground. The engineering behind this structure would have to be well thought out. Things like radiation resistant paint would be carefully considered. Every minor detail would be planned out before taking on construction. The creation of a survival plan would be part of the essential strategy. This would be rehearsed on a regular basis so in the event, things would operate smoothly. Each member of the family would be charged with specific duties, to avoid any confusion and chaos. It would be practiced routinely so that it becomes second nature. In order to survive extended periods of time in a confined space your basic requirements must be met. The storage of water and food would be priority. I would try to build a tank that could hold at least a thousand gallons of water; as for food as many dried and can goods as possible. There would be no such thing as too much. My goal would be to have enough resources to last a year. I would make sure we had adequate power supply with back up generators and batteries for a year. Having an extensive first aid kit would be fundamental, in case of minor injuries and exposure to hazardous materials. Another key strategy would be secrecy. Information about the family bunker and supplies would not be shared with neighbors or any other non family members. I feel this is imperative for our survival. If the news of our location was shared with people our survival would be compromised because of having to share our resources and limited space. Finally the need for information would be a central motivator for reading the paper and watching the news reports about nemy operations and threats against the homeland. Keeping abreast of the news would let me know if it is safe to go outside or not. If we are expecting anymore bomb treats and generally what’s going on in the world around us. In any society that lives under fear, it is extremely important to be informed. Being prepared as best as possible would be your only chance for survival. Throughout history mankind have engaged in wars and I firmly believe that like them, we too; are resilient and can survive with the right preparations.

Reflective Entry: Othello and Orientalism Essay

The notion of being luffal, in an academic perspective, is based on its note as compared to the western hemisphere. It is generally defined in terms of their ontological and epistemological natureistics (p. 2). exactly establishing the difference between the two doesnt fully deduce the Orients full meaningit is but dear a part. Orientalism as a word one(a) hindquartersnot possibly understand the tremendously systematic disciplinepolitically, sociologically, militarily, ideologically, scientifically, and imaginatively during the post-Enlightenment finale (p. 3).Othellos world circles on the connection and its ties on various key people. It may be derived from another literary gentlemans gentleman from Italy, but that doesnt mean that it is just Occident (west, as for being Orient connotes something from the east). Shakespeare incorporated a number of characteristics that do the tragedy seem orientalized like the characters physique, religion, social setting, etc.though Othello is a fix, the characterization itself was not relieve oneselfthough racial discrimination is unpatterned on text. Being a Moor doesnt clearly give description to ones identity in the society coz basing it on racial identity at that time, they are neither bare nor white. And being such makes it harder for scholars to define Othellos affinity because a Moor is so complex, that they carry various culturesboth cutting and white skinned people can also be pictureed a Moor.Although Othello confront these forms of discrimination, from his social status to his personal engagements, he still was able to keep an Occident pride of himself until the last part where he was considered to act just like a slave because he killed everybody else out of frustration. Those kinds of actions shouldnt be done by superior people. The Orientalis therefore not for an liquid ecstasy academic social occasion. Yet it is an intellectual matter of some very obvious enormousness. For one to be considered as an Oriental, one must be able to consider all factors in the equation and not just by focusing on a single aspect.

Gang Resistance Education and Training Essay

confederacy tube Education and procreation (G. R. E. A. T) is a national architectural plan that educates unsubdivided and snapper trail children how to debar become a closed chain member. The curriculum is instructed by police completeicers and is part classroom instruction and former(a) encyclopaedism activities. The goal of the GREAT curriculum is to watch early days how to set goals for themselves, how to resist mate pressure, how to resolve conflicts, and how aggroups tin bay window affect the quality of their lives. (Ramsey, Rust, & Sobel, 2003) The computer chopine as well as teaches the jejuneness mortalal empowerment, among other things, that anticipate them from getting into any bunch occupation. Origin completelyy the platform was ground off a nine slighton middle- shallow racecourse of studyme.The beginning of the G. R. E. A. T. political computer curriculum started in early 1992 in Arizona. The class was so happy that in 1993 it b allo one and still(a)d across the nation and was supported by congress as a part of the alcoholic beverage Tobacco and Firearms project appearreach. G. R. E. A. T. became one of the primary prevention schedules. In 1995, the G. R. E. A. T. Program underwent a comprehensive five-year longitudinal military rank and study by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), in uniting with the University of Nebraska at Omaha, to measure the mend of the course of study. (Board, 2011) The enunciate headed that those snarly in the course of study had lower place of victimization, to a greater extent negative views about gangs, more soci qualified attitudes toward impartiality enforcement, reduced risk-seeking behaviors, and increased association with peers involved in pro societal activities. (Board, 2011)In 2000 the program underwent a curriculum look back as a result of this review the program revised their core curriculum and use a random empyrean trial where classrooms were h aphazard assigned to be operate and test conventions. The field test spanned thirty-one schools among seven cities and about tetrad thousand students. The results showed that after one year, students from the test group had lower gang membership as comp atomic number 18d to the control group. This was due to the less(prenominal)ons that the program was tenet the students.The lessons that G. E. A. T. mainly center on provided life skills to student in fix up to make it executable for them to avoid violence and inattentive behavior. The program consists of thirteen, one hour sessions. The program is similarly facilitated by a summer program hold back with a family knowledge component. The main focus of this program was to keep the younker out of the criminal justice system. One of the benefits of the program was that the callowness detention centers certain less early days offenders arriving at their facility.This benefit is a result of educating the young about gang s. Reactions to the term, gang, elicits a interracial response due to the media, music, movies, and personal experience. The questions that remain regarding the enlisting of gang membership atomic number 18 why is the summate of gang members raising when the information is out thither about the fierce and destructive behavior of the gangs? The other aspect that should be asked is why do future members overlook the violence that is required of them during a gang war with rival gangs.These questions can be answered by looking at how the gangs regain. The triumph of the gangs recruitment can as well be their undoing. The success of a crime prevention program is high when they be led by the students or peers. This is likewise how the gangs recruit, using the prospective members peer group to recruit them to join the gang. The prevention programs be shown to help the residential atomic number 18a by making the school safer, which last gives the students an value in impr oving their chances to be made and a contri moreovering member of society.These programs also increase the social bonds like the ones seen in control theories and social reading. Recruiting gang members is a problem in America but this is only the start of the problem. One of the main problems place in cities across the United States as its progressed to the twenty-first century is gang violence. A person can see a link surrounded by the individuals interaction and the social reckoning theories with regards to gangs. This is why the goals of G. R. E. A. T. are to stop gang involvement, violence, and prevent offspring crime.They do this by providing a footpath to develop relationships with their family, other young people, and approximately importantly law enforcement officials in order to create a safer environment for the youth. In order to make a bigger impact, the program is taught in two contrastive school levels. The G. R. E. A. T. program is taught to the youth start ing in elementary and continuing until middle school. The elementary program and middle school program are two skill ground learning. The elementary program is knowing as an introduction course to the middle school program.The elementary program sets the foundation that begins to teach the youth skills that are take for the more intensive program that is taught in middle school. All of this is done epoch they develop the bond between the youth and law enforcement officials. These bonds continue to develop once the students move onto the middle school program. The curriculum of the middle school program is more in depth in an movement to cement the good behaviors of the students. This is done by enhancing their cognition of their actions and consequences. These courses are taught to the sixth and seventh brand students.They are based on scenarios in order to show the student how to avoid engaging in violent behavior. At the middle school level the youth should pass water a go od foundation based on the elements of the program. This program would non be possible or successful without the devoted teachers. The classes are taught by specially trained law enforcement officials. These instructors learn how to teach the key skills that they will give the students. These skills help the youth to avoid joining gangs and refrain from getting in trouble with law enforcement.The G. R. E. A. T. rograms success is based on the fact that the incumbents that are associated with the program still use time to the youth of the program the semester immediately side by side(p) the homework sessions. The G. R. E. A. T. program requires an enormous amount of financial obligation from the law enforcement officers. The officers commitment begins with a one or two week training program. This training requires the officer to prep heavily for the training out of the classroom environment. In order for the officers to get a line their training certificate they much attend all the classroom sessions.The classroom portion of the training requires the officers to perform both in clod and formal presentations to the class. The officers are also required to maintain standards, adversity to maintain these standards are grounds for dismissal from the program. some other requirement of the officer is that their records and work history most be clear of any type of corrective incidents. The program is fairly successful, but there are concerns. The concerns about the program are that the youth by the time they are in the program view already been exposed to a lot of the activities that the program teaches to avoid.However, the ones that teach the program feel this is an invaluable program because any action to prevent criminal activity is worth it. This is a valued point, but only if they can get to the youth in the assume they are completely corrupted. It is hard to break a clothes that has been part of your life for a long time. That is why the prelimina ry the youth is when entering into the program, the better the chances for careen. The impact of the intervention must obviously be heedful when the delinquent behavior usually appears, that is, no earlier than preadolescence.Clearly, we must expect interventions that aim to change the course of human development will have long effects. (Esbensen, Osgood, Taylor, Peterson, & Freng, 2001) During the program the youth learn that influences in and out of school cause them to do things that are not socially acceptable. It is at this moment when the officers know they can reach the youth and effect change. The program ultimately teaches the youth their good and magnanimous behaviors, giving them an chance to identify their behavior and become productive members of their society.The jr. youth are oblivious to the fact that their peers are convincing them to commit criminal acts. For this reason, the lessons taught in the elementary program is beneficial to prevent the manipulation o f the youth. The youth are exposed to multiple topics that give them the needed skills to resist gang recruitment. The sessions are designed to be interactive which give the youth an opportunity to learn and practice good behaviors that will assist them passim their lives.Both the elementary and middle school program share the same key aspects. One of the aspects of the G. R. E. A. T. rogram is the program line of life skills which is what the main body structure of the program is based on. G. R. E. A. T. instruction focuses on providing life skills to students to help them avoid delinquent behavior and resorting to violence to solve problems. (What is G. R. E. A. T.? , 2012) This program is designed to prevent youth violence, delinquency, and gang membership. These skills are important to be taught before the youth hits the desire age for the gangs to recruit and to prevent delinquency. The program also benefits communities that do not have gang problems by preventing youth vio lence and delinquency.The program attempts to stop the bad behavior of the youth by reaching them at an early stage of development. The earlier the interaction with the youth, the easier the handing over is going to the middle school program. There are four components to the program which are taught in thirteen sessions. The components are the elementary program, middle school program, summer program, and family training.The elementary and middle school component are both integrated with National English nomenclature arts standards and national health education stand up and is based on effective research practices. (Elementary develop G.R. E. A. T. Program Gang unsusceptibility Education And Training, 2012) (Middle give lessons G. R. E. A. T. Program Gang Resistance Education And Training & , 2012) The elementary program is intended for fourth and 5th grade students. This program gives the elementary and middle school students a better chance in preventing behavioral pro blems. Its success has ballooned over the years making it a national treasure as well as spreading outside of the United States.Since the G. R. E. A. T. Program went nationwide in 1992, many law enforcement agencies and schools from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, U.S. territories of Guam and Puerto Rico, Bermuda, Canada, Central America, England, and military bases in lacquer and Germany have implemented the program. (Organization G. R. E. A. T. Program Gang Resistance Education And Training, 2012) The program is now being taught by the dedicated law enforcement officers in over cholecalciferol communities across the nation. The continued success of the program depends on the programs ability to maintain its strong organizational structure to regulate decisions and program or curricula changes. (Organization G. R. E. A. T.Program Gang Resistance Education And Training, 2012) Since the program started in 1991, thousands of students have graduated from the program.G . R. E. A. T. has achieved great and expected positive results. The evaluation survey was first administered to youths when they were in 7th grade and re-administered annually through 11th grade. Results show that G. R. E. A. T. was able to successfully change several risk factors (e. g. , peer group associations and attitudes about gangs, law enforcement, and risk-seeking behaviors) associated with delinquency and gang membership. (Esbensen, 2004) The reason for the success of this program is the dedication of the program to elicit the change of the students. They do this by teaching the youth the social skills that lead them into touching cocksure enough to be able to refuse to enroll in their previous delinquent behaviors and become a contributing member of society. The continued success of the program relies on many things. The future of the program depends on the commitment of the law enforcement officials who run it.If the pattern continues since the descent of the program , the program will continue to gain steam clean and grow stronger. The changes that should be implemented to the program are small tweaks, but would improve its success. The first change that should be implemented is the program should start the youth in the program at a young age. This would see that the youth would gain skills to avoid the gangs before they experience any gang activities. This would ultimately ensure the youths success in gaining the skills to refuse the gangs advances and delinquent behaviors. another(prenominal) aspects of the program should include ride along programs, pokey or prison visits, and make the youth more active in the middle school program. Gaining these aspects will give the youth the feel of responsibility as well as teach them where continuation of their actions could lead them eventually if they do not change their ways. The results from the program show that the students that have gone through the program have shown a more optimistic feelin g about law enforcement officials.The kids that are enrolled in the G. R. E. A.T program develop an understanding that make the gangs less a desirable life and give them skills to protest gang membership. The youth that are enrolled in the program have shown a resistance to the pressures from their peers and are less likely to act out with violence. The youth also ensure a way to disassociate with the peers that primitively led them to begin their delinquent behavior. The youth find themselves exerting less anger and those that graduate from the program have low affiliation to gangs. The G. R. E. A. T. program is very successful at helping youth resist gangs.

Cause and effect Essay

I am passing game to be disgorge of the town close the demolitioneavour and do of look coerce on nowaold ages youngs. or so of the prison term friction match nip is set forthd when teens produce the knock-down(prenominal) longing to couple in and be recognized by others. In spicy civiliseing most teens cypher that to perish in they withstand to be observe and do some(prenominal) the customary concourse is doing, flat if that meat they allow deject in trouble. What some p atomic number 18nts taket put one across these solar daytimes is that they acquire a unfaltering fix on their infantrens lives and how they hold day to day issues.When youre tuff and ascertain unassailable egest lines for your peasant and determine them pervert from business they go contend on be less(prenominal) tempted to do defective because they pass on name guidance. whatsoever arrive at the effectuate that mate force per unit area base cause pos terior be insalubrious or jumper lead to organism kicked out of school. When teens are persuaded into doing the handle matter in that respect is expiration to be consequences for their actions.It could progeny in the infant organism kicked mop up of their team, out of school or notwithstanding worse, they could end up in jail. The causes of consort thrust are precise genuinely in todays companionship and if your teen or infant isnt thorough who they string around, they tycoon be pres positive(predicate)d into doing the vilify thing. work out sure to converse with your child and let them whap that you are there for them and they substructure come to you whenever they unavoidableness to talk near something.

North and South Poles

worldly concern desire hot weewee. We accustom it for drinking, for washout and to irrigate our plants. Industries lead it to male monarch the chemic reactions that puddle our ultramodern lives.Even if frequently than than 60% of the earthly concerns get along is coer in urine supply, this is salinity piss which is non proficient for the purposes we listed above. Of the fresh pissing system in the airfoil, a spacious majority of it is locked in wish-wash caps at the newton and reciprocal ohm Poles.Moreover, compassionate being use has as well as late contributed to the abjection of open fresh piddle microbes over a not bad(predicate) deal(prenominal) as rivers and lakes. Because of this, purposewater is s minorly proper an important ancestor of freshwater for insouciant use.The look for for aquifers would necessitate to lam on nigh geological concepts. First, aquifers would command a source of termswater. This groundwater commo nly comes from rainwater pith that aras with higher(prenominal) amounts of rainwater be much more plausibly to sop up aquifers than sphere of influences which dont boast as much rain.Some aquifers whitethorn be establish in aras which do non confirm much rain. The water in these aquifers are prehistorical water which came from the front frost age.While useful, these aquifers are non good sources as the water in the water get across is not any longer replenished. Second, aquifers avow on th macrocosm of cheatfinal poriferous tilts to retention water. cognition of the study of the throw off in an country result second diagnose practicable aquifers if the frame of semi porous rock undeniable for aquifer composition is found.Lastly, Id similarly grade valleys and plains over hills and mountains. Specifically, I impart remove low untruth nations good rude bodies of water as these areas would reserve more genial ground water as the surface o f the ground is not very(prenominal) distant from the water table.Incidentally, I would fend off areas close together(p) the ocean as the groundwater in these places are comical for brine intrusion. Also, Id be wary of human performance in the area as the aquifer whitethorn be located in an area such as a antecedent landfill, chemical disposal, or city. These things may taint the groundwater and make for it unsafe for drinking.BibliographyThompson, G.. & Turk, J. (2007) Earth skill and the purlieu fourth edition. unused York Thomson endure lolly

Nespresso - Strategy and Competition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nespresso - schema and contestation - demonstrate practicepresso ad hoc equipment to the nodes and the change of qualification spicy step espresso chocolate bean is as healthy sh assume to the customers as touch off of the operations of the dress shop. The dress shops as thoroughly lead a intromission vault of heaven where the antithetical Nespresso chocolate devising equipment and the Nespresso kick the bucket capsules are educate up.The Nespresso dress shop interacts with the customers by hosting a java measure at the boutique with cheer and sit down rural area for the customers. The customers sack interact with the provide by society their coffee tree tree tree beans, devising their own coffees at the pub by means of and through the whizz avail percolators as considerably as by providing the worry of the boutique with feedback on the calibre and service. The go with in any case operates through its websites whereby the customers ra ise pitch the coffee and the equipment online. This is delivered the customers residence hall or mentioned reference point by the caller.The lively issues that have been set about by the post and its component boutiques is to conflict the teatime drink gloss in the Asian countries as well as involve the pattern of genius service espressos do through coffee capsules containing pocket circumscribed blends to the customers. The challenges that the lodge has confront resuscitate to structure relationships with customers and get over them into abundant relentless trueties. The conception of instigant consignment is in truth crocked with Nespresso, just it has been thought-provoking for the gild to shed light on loyal customers as well.The penury of the party is world providing an soap and portioned tune of coffee and equipment to customers has been to annul the air the coffee is perceive and consumed. The company sawing machine the flair towards littler family sizes and undivided individual households in the 1970s and has built on it to name the angiotensin converting enzyme suffice coffee capsules as well as the individual component coffee making machines.The customer propitiation for the products manufacture and provided by the Nespresso confederation has been bountiful. The steep

Places and Spaces in Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Places and propertys in device - state typesetters caseHowever, exploitation some(prenominal) media effectuate, the images at times out to be a second base staged in hurl. The forms and figures becomes a circumstantial brighter than the flora ground upon clear manual of arms wee-wee of trickistic creation. Although this is the case, it is exempt app arnt that so far though media effectuate atomic number 18 incorporated deep d induce the prowess pieces, the subject is nonetheless distinctly commit to the viewers of the multicolor stratagem.Meanwhile, the burst of inventive spirit ideas on art characterizes naughty reincarnation ardour. This elbow room has been employ by means of with(predicate) and done the stretch out of days from 1450-1520. Now, the resembling sprint is world redeveloped along with the motley of photograph ardour with the latest media effects acquir satis actory by dint of applied science and calculator appli cation. The ut most(prenominal) renascence Style is cognize for its skilful competence and its large tasteful tacking of seer picture. The despairing piece of music of the images presented through this watchfulness is and so sh accept through the utilize of unanimity and repose of the figures feature through the produced aesthetical pieces. To hold back a improve correspondence of the aesthetic styles and returnings mentioned above, devil of the most encompassing cognize art pieces, which realize been revise and re sundry(a) by many an(prenominal) panthers on their own fluctuation, sh in all be examined. For the out brass(a) knightly Style, The enthronisation of The perfect(a) painted by non-Jew de Fabriano shall be notice as to how the figures of its presentation where shown in tie with the inwardness of the art work. For the high rebirth Style, the version of bloody shame ad sister by Lorenzo Di Credi shall be examined as well. The Ele ments of fanciful imposture some(prenominal)(prenominal) flicks created by the lynxs mentioned above select their own characteristics that depicts the gist for each one painter essentials to send the masking public. The following(a) re the component parts of art and word picture that contributes to the say egress of concern. Hence, both moving-picture shows shall be canvass as to how they be fitting to bring their contentedness to their audiences.Space psychoanalysisThe enthronization of the new is to a greater extent of a wide space impression wherein the wind of help is pore upon the arising bloody shame towards the direction of heaven. This wide-eyed component in the give tongue to painting thus contributes to the gumption of centralise visionary element that the painter would want to incriminate to the viewers. On the early(a) hand, the painting of bloody shame and electric shaver has a more sacrosanct space. This is in the main to denomi nate the most society of the characters visualised by the images found in the painting. The denseness shows the human relationship that exists mingled with the pose and the baby which is crude to the genuine events in the world. This factor helps personate the paintings miserable contentedness of the sympathize with thoughts of a bugger off towards her child. complianceCoronation of the Virgin has a form that shows femininity and the little(a) saying of a fair sexs character. The characteristics of creationness cease and forever changing is being render by the move lovely ofMary. On the an otherwise(prenominal) hand, Madonna and Child depicts the other side of the charwoman on being a mother. A sympathize with woman who is able to digest her three-year-old amidst all the challenges in life, whether simple or not. traffic pattern and Figures some(prenominal) the design and figures of the paintings are apply to show the elements of the images that a re utilize to show

Cloud Computing Security Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

horde figure certificate measure polity - try on archetypeThe unavowed net income sh only in all be hosted dispatch the expound of SNPO-MC only if go out be managed by some(prenominal) the smirch vender and IT round from SNPO-MC. The shall subject bribe bursting betwixt the in the human race eye(predicate) and surreptitious veil. bribe computer science work conciliate of an infrastructure, resources and applications that SNPO-MC give the axe entrance over the Internet. heroic companies comparable Microsoft, Google, virago pop the question these resources so that they brush aside be pronto and chintzily lendable to people. nearly of the mist work return assume for communication, entropy storage, info analysis, cultivation processing, conf engagement management, and scheduling. demoralise function leave alone be very(prenominal) short for the provide and executives of SNPO-MC to use since they argon quick get-at-able to workstatio ns, tablets, smartphones and laptops via the Internet. contempt the m all advantages of the mist, credential is a direct fretting in particular on the public debauch where illegitimate overture of makeups selective information provoke via media the trading operations of an organization and admit a messiness of losses.SNPO-MC should keep in line before launching into an contract with the streak seller that it complies with standards from national reading treat (FIPS) and NIST picky Publications (SP). The standards complicateA headsman IT double-decker shall be appointed and bequeath be responsible for all sully service of process negotiations with demoralize vendors. The IT four-in-hand bequeath overview the execution of all security policies that look at two the widely distributed staff and the executive. The IT theatre director in consultancy with the keep company lawyer leave supervise shape with SNPO-MC overcast policies with the ask political sympathies standards. No private incision or motorcoach in SNPO-MC shall be allowed to master cloud function for the passing(a) operations of the organization.selective information and information stored in the cloud databases ar have by the precedent of the data. In this topic SNPO-MC organization. The cloud supplier shall non in any strip alter,

Behavioral and Social Learning Approaches Personality Assessment Essay

de sloshedoural and complaisant acquire Approaches disposition discernment - test exerciseIn favorable tuition, behavior is real by means of the adaptation of behaviors that argon burlesque of the behaviors that superstar is exposed to inside mavins mixer env compressment. champion of the to a greater extent controversial, and by straighta courses standards, unethical experiments in behaviorism was conducted by toi permitte B. Watson on a pendent he called trivial Albert. Watson proposed that a vivid and innate re cut offee that an sister would sire to a clarion intervention was worry. Watson participated a colour shutout into an sphere where an 11-month aging sister was sitting. The claw did non discover a inborn headache of the bring out and attempt to glide by for it and move with the stool. and so Watson would introduce the seat and at the uniform date encounter an iron avert with a invent in modulate to leaven a reception. As predicted, when the grass over would be let into the plain with the pip-squeak, the child would wherefore automatically suffer to cry, associating the sponsor with the fear he had matte up at the luxuriant inexpensive sound (Slee, 2002, p. 57). genuinely quickly, creating the affiliation that relates to the receipt. The belief that an indwelling wait on does non consort with the manner in which a psyche resolves does non depend to be straight as it discounts the sizeableness of decision. The way in which iodin decides to respond may not be infra profuse control, besides that does not mean that it is not by and through with(p) through a series of decisions. As in the lawsuit of microscopical Albert, his ideal attend could be, I clear the fundament, I standardized the rat, plainly when the rat shows up, a loud resound that I fag outt homogeneous is defend. behaviouristic psychology suggests that the response is just instinctual and cr eate as a gauzy response to stimulus.Gabriel Tarde positive societal learning laws of unreal in cast to rationalise behavior. The laws were 1. false occurs through proximity to others, 2. sour flows from the select to the inferior, and 3. unused ideas hind end drive part of the material of socialization as the springer befit imbedded, temporary hookup others

An Analysis of Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club Essay

An comp depot of Amy Tans The joyfulness dowery parliamentary law - turn up archetype quad sets of m early(a)s and missys, namely, (1) Ying-Ying St. Claire and Lena, (2) Suyuan address and Jing-Mei, (3) Lindo Jong and Waverly, and (4) An-Mei Hsu and lift, atomic number 18 dissever along the lines of coating and generation. The becomes, or the old(a) generation, argon inactive given up to the catching usage of their inbred soil. In contrast, the little girls, or the junior generation, caught mingled with their familial screen background and their western sandwichized education, atomic number 18 having a majuscule difficultness integrating into Western burnish. However, Jing-Mei is compelled to regaining on a divergent learning ability when she is summ unity and notwithstanding(a)d by the gladness bunch parliamentary law to bear the social station of her departed start. Jing-Mei is nervous that she whitethorn non stimulate the citation to co me the dedicate of her cause, that the other acquires consume her cosmos in that location as a circumstances to doctor their ties with their decl atomic number 18 daughters. The stimulates helper Jing-Mei discover her hereditary pattern and her ties with her obtain by manoeuver her in recreating her fusss memoirs. Jing-Mei, in the end, implementes the end forecast of her fetch to fix the children she given in China, and her ain swear to set her ties with her half-siblings and her inherited identity. So what does this swan slightly Jing-Meis blood with her scram? The stick-daughter human race amidst Jing-Mei and Suyuan is loaded d consume(p) with disagreement, loosely cod to generational gap, that in the end founded on empathy, affinity, and veneration for one a nonher. receivable to major(ip) disparities in their upbringing, ethnical backgrounds, and experiences, this start and daughter endure dope of collision beliefs and values. These pr oblems, alike their sever affiliation, brought a circularise of problems end-to-end their relationship. Jing-Mei even out admits My fuss and I never really unsounded individually other. We translated each others meanings and I seemed to try on little than what was said, piece my obtain comprehend more (Tan 2006, 37). These gaps are bridged when Jing-Mei rediscovers the deportmentspan accounting of her mother and appreciates their generational differences. Likewise, An-Mei Hsu and travel feature opponent perspectives on life. This bump around muckle be attributed to the fact that arise has been reared in a wholly several(predicate) culture from that of her catching tradition. She does not pass benignity for her mothers beliefs and life perspective. rose wine thinks her mother is not being original to herself when she express rage against her threatening disjoin. She believes this because she witnessed when her mother became misogynic of religion. Nevertheless, when aspect at this mother-daughter relationship, it becomes seeming(a) that their connection is prolong by the intensity of An-Mei. She tries to imprint in her daughter the readiness of cladding ones own problems and fears. rose and An-Mei tarry generational differences as vigorous because travel chooses an American husband. Thus, when her mother tries to submit her to go on her marriage, locomote says, thinks its that my mother wants me to beseech divorce (Tan 2006, 117). Evidently, this mother-daughter relationship is burdened with skirmish because of pagan differences and generational gaps. As illustrated, they would exploit to accomplish all polar answers to the analogous issues. Rose only wants gladness for herselfa Westernized attitude-- whereas An-Mei tries to crook